What to Do After a Car Accident in South Carolina: A Complete Legal Guide

South Carolina recorded 143,801 traffic collisions in 2024, killing 1,040 people and injuring 51,007 more, according to the South Carolina Department of Public Safety’s Traffic Collision Fact Book, and the aftermath of even a minor crash can be overwhelming. South Carolina is an at-fault state, meaning the driver who caused the accident bears financial responsibility for injuries and property damage. You have three years to file a personal injury lawsuit under S.C. Code § 15-3-530, but the steps you take in the hours and days after a collision can make or break your claim.

This guide walks through exactly what to do after a car accident in South Carolina, from the moment of impact through the claims process. Whether your accident happened on I-26 in Charleston, I-77 in Columbia, or Highway 17 along the Grand Strand, the same legal principles apply.

South Carolina also requires all auto insurance policies to include uninsured motorist (UM) coverage under S.C. Code § 38-77-150, a safety net when the at-fault driver has no insurance; underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage, which insurers must offer under S.C. Code § 38-77-160, covers the driver who has too little. Understanding how this works matters more than most people realize.

At the Scene — Immediate Steps

The moments after a car accident are chaotic, but what you do at the scene establishes the foundation of any future claim. South Carolina law imposes specific duties on drivers involved in collisions, and failing to follow them can result in criminal charges on top of your injuries.

Stop and Stay at the Scene

Under S.C. Code § 56-5-1210, every driver involved in an accident that causes injury or death must immediately stop at the scene or as close to it as safely possible; S.C. Code § 56-5-1220 imposes the same duty when only vehicles are damaged. Leaving the scene of an injury crash is a crime in South Carolina: a misdemeanor when someone is hurt, and a felony carrying up to ten years when it causes great bodily injury, or one to 25 years when someone dies. Even in a fender-bender, stay at the scene, but if your car can be driven and is blocking traffic, move it out of the roadway first (§ 56-5-1220); doing so cannot be held against you.

Call 911

Always call 911, even if the accident seems minor. A police report creates an official record of what happened, who was involved, and the officer’s initial observations about fault. South Carolina law requires you to report any crash involving injury or death to police immediately (S.C. Code § 56-5-1260). If no officer investigates a crash that caused injury, death, or $1,000 or more in damage, you must file your own report (SCDMV Form FR-309) with proof of insurance within 15 days (S.C. Code § 56-5-1270). The responding officer files a TR-310 collision report with the SCDMV and hands you an FR-10 insurance-verification form; keep it. The TR-310 is what adjusters work from, even though the report itself cannot be used at trial to prove who was negligent (S.C. Code § 56-5-1290).

Document Everything at the Scene

Use your phone to photograph and record as much as possible:

• Damage to all vehicles from multiple angles
• Skid marks, debris, and road conditions
• Traffic signals, stop signs, and speed limit signs
• The other driver’s license plate and vehicle
• Your injuries, including bruises, cuts, and swelling
• Weather and lighting conditions

Exchange Information

Collect the following from every other driver involved:

• Full name and contact information
• Driver’s license number
• Insurance company and policy number
• Vehicle make, model, year, and license plate number

Talk to Witnesses

If anyone saw the accident, get their name and phone number. Witness testimony is especially valuable in disputed-fault cases. People forget details quickly, so if a witness is willing to give a brief statement at the scene, record it on your phone with their permission.

Do Not Admit Fault

It is natural to apologize after an accident, but statements like “I’m sorry” or “I didn’t see you” can be used against you later. Stick to the facts when speaking with the other driver and the police. Let the investigation determine who was at fault.

After Leaving the Scene — Next 24-72 Hours

The first few days after an accident are when the insurance companies start building their case. Here is how to build yours.

Seek Medical Attention Immediately

Even if you feel fine, see a doctor within 24 hours. Many serious injuries, including traumatic brain injuries, whiplash, and internal bleeding, do not produce immediate symptoms. A medical evaluation creates a documented link between the accident and your injuries, which insurance companies scrutinize closely. If there is a gap of days or weeks between the accident and your first medical visit, the insurer will argue your injuries were caused by something else.

Report the Accident to Your Insurance Company

Your auto policy almost certainly requires you to notify your own insurance company of an accident promptly. This is true even when the other driver was at fault. Your policy likely includes a cooperation clause that requires timely reporting. However, keep your statement brief and factual. Do not speculate about fault, the severity of your injuries, or accept any early settlement offers.

Obtain the TR-310 Collision Report

South Carolina officers file collision reports on Form TR-310, which goes to the SCDMV. You can request a copy from the SCDMV online or with Form FR-50 ($10), or from the law enforcement agency that responded to the accident. This report contains the officer’s narrative, a diagram of the collision, witness information, and any citations issued. Review it carefully for errors, since mistakes in police reports are more common than you might think.

Continue Documenting Your Injuries

Photograph your injuries every day as they develop. Bruises often look worse on day two or three than they did at the scene. Keep a journal noting your pain levels, limitations on daily activities, missed work days, and the emotional toll of the accident. This documentation supports both your economic and non-economic damage claims.

South Carolina Car Accident Laws You Need to Know

South Carolina’s car accident laws differ from other states’ in several important ways. If you have been in accidents in other states, do not assume the same rules apply here.

South Carolina Is an At-Fault State

In South Carolina, the driver who caused the accident is responsible for paying the other driver’s damages. You can pursue compensation by filing a claim with the at-fault driver’s insurance company (a third-party claim), filing a lawsuit against the at-fault driver, or using your own UM coverage if the at-fault driver is uninsured, or UIM coverage, if you bought it, when the driver’s limits are too low.

The Three-Year Statute of Limitations

You have three years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit in South Carolina under S.C. Code § 15-3-530. Miss that deadline and the court will almost certainly dismiss your case. Three years sounds like plenty of time, but medical treatment, negotiations with insurance companies, and gathering evidence can consume months. Experienced car accident lawyers recommend starting the process well before any deadline approaches. If a government vehicle or agency is responsible, the deadline is two years under the Tort Claims Act (S.C. Code § 15-78-110).

Mandatory Uninsured Motorist Coverage

One of the most significant differences between South Carolina and many other states is the mandatory UM coverage requirement under S.C. Code § 38-77-150. Every auto insurance policy sold in South Carolina must include UM coverage of at least 25/50/25, and a policyholder cannot waive it. This coverage protects you when the at-fault driver has no insurance, which happens more often than you would expect: about one in ten South Carolina drivers was uninsured in 2023 (10.3%), according to Insurance Research Council figures published by the Insurance Information Institute. Higher UM limits and underinsured (UIM) coverage, for a driver with insufficient coverage, must be offered but are optional (S.C. Code § 38-77-160).

Minimum Insurance Requirements

South Carolina requires all drivers to carry minimum liability insurance of 25/50/25: $25,000 per person for bodily injury, $50,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $25,000 per accident for property damage. These minimums are often insufficient to cover serious injury claims. A single hospital stay after a truck accident or multi-vehicle collision can easily exceed $25,000.

Filing a Car Accident Claim in South Carolina — Step by Step

The claims process in South Carolina follows a general sequence, though every case has its own complications.

Step 1: Investigate and Gather Evidence

Before filing anything, you need a clear picture of what happened and who is responsible. This includes the police report, medical records, photographs, witness statements, and potentially accident reconstruction analysis. In cases involving motorcycle accidents or pedestrian accidents, determining fault often requires expert analysis.

Step 2: Calculate Your Damages

Add up every cost related to the accident: medical bills (past and projected future treatment), lost wages, property damage, and non-economic damages like pain and suffering. Do not settle before you understand the full scope of your injuries. Some injuries, particularly spinal injuries and brain injuries, require months of treatment before doctors can give a reliable prognosis.

Step 3: Send a Demand Letter

A demand letter to the at-fault driver’s insurance company outlines the facts of the accident, your injuries, your damages, and the amount you are seeking. This opens formal negotiations.

Step 4: Negotiate with the Insurance Company

The insurer will respond with a counteroffer, usually far below what your claim is worth. This back-and-forth negotiation can take weeks or months. Insurance adjusters are trained to minimize payouts. Having legal representation at this stage significantly affects the outcome.

Step 5: File a Lawsuit if Necessary

If negotiations stall or the insurance company refuses to offer fair compensation, filing a lawsuit in South Carolina circuit court may be necessary. Many cases settle before trial, but the willingness to go to court gives your attorney leverage during negotiations.

Step 6: Discovery, Mediation, and Trial

If your case proceeds to litigation, both sides exchange evidence during discovery, and the court may order mediation. If mediation fails, the case goes to trial, where a jury determines liability and damages.

South Carolina’s Modified Comparative Fault Rule Explained

South Carolina follows a modified comparative fault system. If you were partially at fault for the accident, you can still recover damages, but only if your share of fault is less than 51 percent. If you are found 51 percent or more at fault, you recover nothing.

Here is how it works in practice: if a jury awards you $100,000 in damages but finds you were 30 percent at fault (maybe you were slightly speeding while the other driver ran a red light), your award is reduced by 30 percent. You would receive $70,000.

This rule makes the insurance company’s fault investigation extremely important. Insurers will look for any way to shift blame onto you, including claiming you were distracted, not wearing a seatbelt, or following too closely. Even a small increase in your assigned fault percentage directly reduces your compensation.

What Damages Can You Recover?

South Carolina car accident victims can pursue three categories of damages.

Economic Damages

These are your measurable financial losses:

• Medical bills (emergency room, surgery, rehabilitation, future treatment)
• Lost wages and lost earning capacity
• Property damage (vehicle repair or replacement)
• Out-of-pocket expenses (medications, medical devices, transportation to appointments)

Non-Economic Damages

These compensate for losses that do not have a specific dollar amount:

• Pain and suffering
• Emotional distress
• Loss of enjoyment of life
• Loss of consortium (impact on your relationship with your spouse)
• Scarring and disfigurement

Serious crashes, including those resulting in wrongful death, produce significant non-economic damages that reflect the true human cost of the accident.

Punitive Damages

In cases involving reckless, willful, or wanton conduct, such as drunk driving or extreme speeding, South Carolina allows punitive damages under S.C. Code §§ 15-32-520 and 15-32-530. These are designed to punish the defendant and deter similar behavior. Punitive damages in South Carolina are normally capped at the greater of three times the compensatory damages or $500,000, a floor indexed for inflation each year: $739,245 in 2026, according to the S.C. Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. There is no cap when the defendant’s judgment was substantially impaired by alcohol or drugs. The plaintiff must prove entitlement to punitive damages by clear and convincing evidence, a higher standard than the preponderance standard used for other damages.

Common Mistakes That Hurt South Carolina Car Accident Claims

Insurance companies count on accident victims making mistakes. These are the ones we see most often:

Giving a Recorded Statement Without Legal Advice

The at-fault driver’s insurance company will call you and ask for a recorded statement. You are not legally required to provide one. Anything you say in that recording can and will be used to reduce or deny your claim. Politely decline until you have spoken with an attorney.

Accepting an Early Settlement Offer

Insurance companies frequently make quick, lowball offers within days of an accident, before you know the full extent of your injuries. Once you accept a settlement, you sign a release that prevents you from seeking additional compensation, even if your injuries turn out to be far worse than initially thought.

Failing to Follow Through on Medical Treatment

Gaps in medical treatment signal to the insurance company that your injuries are minor. If your doctor recommends physical therapy twice a week, go twice a week. Missed appointments undermine your claim more than almost anything else.

Posting on Social Media

Insurance adjusters and defense attorneys routinely monitor claimants’ social media accounts. A photo of you at a family barbecue can be used to argue that your injuries are not as severe as claimed. The safest approach is to avoid posting anything about your accident, your injuries, or your activities during the claims process.

Waiting Too Long to Take Action

Evidence disappears. Witnesses forget details. Surveillance footage gets overwritten. The longer you wait to begin the claims process, the harder it becomes to build a strong case. While South Carolina gives you three years to file suit, the investigation should begin immediately.

Not Understanding Your Own Insurance Policy

Many South Carolina drivers do not fully understand the coverage they are paying for. Your policy may include medical payments coverage (MedPay), which pays your medical bills regardless of fault, in addition to the mandatory UM coverage. Knowing what coverage you have before an accident happens puts you in a stronger position afterward.

When to Hire a South Carolina Car Accident Lawyer

Not every car accident requires an attorney. If the damage is minor, nobody was hurt, and the insurance claim is straightforward, you may be able to handle it yourself. But you should strongly consider hiring a lawyer if:

• You suffered injuries that required medical treatment beyond an initial emergency room visit
• The insurance company is disputing fault or offering a low settlement
• Your accident involved a commercial vehicle, tractor-trailer, or government vehicle
• Multiple vehicles or parties were involved
• The at-fault driver was uninsured or underinsured
• You missed work or cannot return to your previous job due to your injuries
• The accident resulted in a fatality
• You were partially at fault and the comparative fault rule may affect your recovery

Roden Law works on a contingency fee basis, meaning you pay nothing upfront and no attorney fees unless your case results in compensation. This arrangement removes the financial barrier to getting qualified legal help.

Accidents involving bicycles, hazardous road conditions, or other circumstances beyond a standard two-car collision often involve additional legal complexity that benefits from experienced counsel.

Roden Law Offices in South Carolina — Charleston, North Charleston, Columbia, and Myrtle Beach

Roden Law represents car accident victims across South Carolina from four office locations:

• Charleston: 127 King Street, Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29401 — (843) 790-8999
• North Charleston: 2703 Spruill Ave, North Charleston, SC 29405 — (843) 612-6561
• Columbia: 1545 Sumter St., Suite B, Columbia, SC 29201 — (803) 219-2816
• Myrtle Beach: 631 Bellamy Ave., Suite C-B, Murrells Inlet, SC 29576 — (843) 612-1980

Our attorneys have recovered over $300 million for injured clients across Georgia and South Carolina. We handle car accident claims on a contingency fee basis: you pay nothing unless we win your case.

If you or someone you love has been injured in a South Carolina car accident, do not wait for the insurance company to decide what your claim is worth. Call us at 1-844-RESULTS for a free consultation. We will review your case, explain your options, and fight for the compensation you deserve.

About the Author

Graeham C. Gillin

Partner, COO